Symptomatic gallstone disease: Recurrence patterns and risk factors for relapse after first admission, the RELAPSTONE study.

BACKGROUND: Delayed cholecystectomy in patients with symptomatic gallstone disease is associated with recurrence. Limited data on the recurrence patterns and the factors that determine them are available. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the pattern of relapse in each symptomatic gallstone disease (acute pancreatitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, symptomatic choledocholithiasis, and biliary colic) and determine the associated factors. METHODS: RELAPSTONE was an international multicenter retrospective cohort study. Patients (n = 3016) from 18 tertiary centers who suffered a first episode of symptomatic gallstone disease from 2018 to 2020 and had not undergone cholecystectomy during admission were included. The main outcome was relapse-free survival. Kaplan-Meier curves were used in the bivariate analysis. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to identify prognostic factors associated with relapses. RESULTS: Mean age was 76.6 [IQR: 59.7-84.1], and 51% were male. The median follow-up was 5.3 months [IQR 2.1-12.4]. Relapse-free survival was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.77-0.80) at 3 months, 0.71 (95% CI: 0.69-0.73) at 6 months, and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.61-0.65) at 12 months. In multivariable analysis, older age (HR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.49-0.66), sphincterotomy (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.49-0.68) and higher leukocyte count (HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70-0.90) were independently associated with lower risk of relapse, whereas higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (HR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.02-1.46) and multiple cholelithiasis (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.34) were associated with higher relapse rates. CONCLUSION: The relapse rate is high and different in each symptomatic gallstone disease. Our independent predictors could be useful for prioritizing patients on the waiting list for cholecystectomies.

Características epidemiológicas, clínicas y respuesta al tratamiento en 113 pacientes con colitis microscópica / Epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and response to treatment in 113 patients with microscopic colitis

Objetivo: Estudiar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y la respuesta al tratamiento en pacientes con colitis microscópica. Pacientes y método: Se recopilaron retrospectivamente los datos epidemiológicos, clínicos, analíticos y endoscópicos de 113 pacientes con colitis microscópica. La respuesta al tratamiento se analizó en 104 de ellos. La eficacia y la recidiva tras la administración de budesonida se evaluaron mediante curvas de supervivencia (Kaplan-Meier). Resultados: El 78% de los pacientes fueron mujeres, con una edad media de 65 ± 16 años. En los fumadores, la edad media fue 10 años menor. Un 48% tenía alguna enfermedad inmunomediada concomitante. El 60% sufrió un único brote de la enfermedad. La presentación clínica fue similar en ambos subtipos, aunque los pacientes con colitis colágena tuvieron con mayor frecuencia un curso crónico (48 vs. 29%, p = 0,047). La tasa de remisión con budesonida fue del 93% (IC 95%: 82-98). La incidencia acumulada de recidiva, tras una mediana de seguimiento de 21 meses, fue del 39% (IC 95%: 26-54%): 19% al año, 32% a los dos años y 46% a los tres años de seguimiento. No hubo diferencias en la respuesta clínica a la budesonida en función del tabaquismo o del subtipo de colitis microscópica. Conclusiones: La colitis microscópica es más frecuente en mujeres de edad avanzada. El tabaco se asoció a una aparición más precoz de la enfermedad, aunque no influyó en la evolución clínica o en la respuesta al tratamiento. La mayoría (> 90%) de los pacientes tratados con budesonida alcanzaron la remisión, aunque casi la mitad recidivaron posteriormente.(AU)

Objective: To study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and response to treatment in patients with microscopic colitis. Patients and method: Epidemiological, clinical, blood test and endoscopic data were retrospectively collected from 113 patients with microscopic colitis. Response to treatment was analyzed in 104 of them. Efficacy and relapse after treatment with budesonide were assessed using survival curves (Kaplan-Meier). Results: 78% of the patients were women, with a mean age of 65 ± 16 years. In smokers, the mean age was 10 years younger. 48% of them had some concomitant autoimmune disease; 60% suffered a single outbreak of the disease. The clinical presentation was similar in both subtypes, although patients with collagenous colitis had a chronic course more frequently (48% vs. 29%, p = 0.047). The remission rate with budesonide was 93% (95% CI 82-98). The cumulative incidence of relapse, after a median follow-up of 21 months, was 39% (95% CI 26-54%): 19% at one year, 32% at two years, and 46% at three years of follow-up. There were no differences in clinical response to budesonide based on smoking habit or microscopic colitis subtype. Conclusions: Microscopic colitis is more frequent in elderly women. Smoking was associated with earlier onset of the disease, although it did not influence the clinical course or response to treatment. The majority (> 90%) of patients treated with budesonide achieved remission, although nearly half subsequently relapsed.(AU)

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and response to treatment in 113 patients with microscopic colitis. / Características epidemiológicas, clínicas y respuesta al tratamiento en 113 pacientes con colitis microscópica.

OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and response to treatment in patients with microscopic colitis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Epidemiological, clinical, blood test and endoscopic data were retrospectively collected from 113 patients with microscopic colitis. Response to treatment was analyzed in 104 of them. Efficacy and relapse after treatment with budesonide were assessed using survival curves (Kaplan-Meier). RESULTS: 78% of the patients were women, with a mean age of 65 ± 16 years. In smokers, the mean age was 10 years younger. 48% of them had some concomitant autoimmune disease; 60% suffered a single outbreak of the disease. The clinical presentation was similar in both subtypes, although patients with collagenous colitis had a chronic course more frequently (48% vs. 29%, p = 0.047). The remission rate with budesonide was 93% (95% CI 82-98). The cumulative incidence of relapse, after a median follow-up of 21 months, was 39% (95% CI 26-54%): 19% at one year, 32% at two years, and 46% at three years of follow-up. There were no differences in clinical response to budesonide based on smoking habit or microscopic colitis subtype. CONCLUSIONS: Microscopic colitis is more frequent in elderly women. Smoking was associated with earlier onset of the disease, although it did not influence the clinical course or response to treatment. The majority (> 90%) of patients treated with budesonide achieved remission, although nearly half subsequently relapsed.

Tratamiento de la colitis microscópica: papel de la budesonida y nuevas alternativas en pacientes refractarios / No disponible

La colitis microscópica es una causa frecuente de diarrea crónica acuosa, con gran repercusión sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes y que engloba a su vez dos subtipos histológicos: la colitis colágena y la colitis linfocítica. El incremento de la incidencia y de la conciencia de esta enfermedad ha dado lugar a la publicación de varios documentos de consenso internaciones en los últimos años. A pesar de ello, el uso en la práctica clínica de tratamientos con escasa evidencia científica es frecuente y existe todavía una importante heterogeneidad en el manejo de estos pacientes. En este artículo se revisa el papel terapéutico de la budesonida en la colitis microscópica y se resume la evidencia actual acerca de otros tratamientos disponibles para esta enfermedad, especialmente para el manejo de pacientes refractarios. Finalmente, se propone un algoritmo actualizado de tratamiento

No disponible

Treatment of microscopic colitis: the role of budesonide and new alternatives for refractory patients.

Microscopic colitis is a common cause of chronic watery diarrhea with a great impact on patient quality of life. Microscopic colitis includes two histological subtypes: collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis. Due to the increasing incidence and awareness of this disease over the last decades, several international guidelines have been recently published. However, there is still significant heterogeneity in the management of these patients, and treatments without solid scientific evidence support are often used in clinical practice. This article reviews the therapeutic role of budesonide in microscopic colitis and summarizes the current evidence regarding other treatments available for this disease, especially for the management of refractory patients. Finally, an updated treatment algorithm is proposed.

Infection with multiple hepatitis C virus genotypes detected using commercial tests should be confirmed using next generation sequencing.

Current HCV genotyping methods may have some limitations in detecting mixed infections. We aimed to determine the accuracy of genotyping and the detection of mixed-genotype infections using the Abbott-RealTime HCV Genotype II assay (Abbott-RT-PCR) in comparison with a Roche-Next Generation Sequencing assay (Roche-NGS). Plasma samples collected from 139 HCV-infected patients tested with Abbott-RT-PCR, 114 with single genotype (GT) and 25 with mixed GTs were genotyped using Roche-NGS. Roche-NGS confirmed all single GTs obtained with Abbott-RT-PCR. One case of Abbott GT 4 was found as GT 1a using Roche-NGS. Genotype 5 was confirmed using Roche-NGS in 75% cases (3 out of 4 cases). Twenty-five patients were identified as having mixed HCVinfections using Abbott-RT-PCR. The concordance between Abbott-RT-PCR and Roche-NGS was 76% (19 out of 25 cases). Three mixed-GT infections identified with the Abbott assay (two (1b + 4); one (1a + 3)) were reported as pure 1b using Roche-NGS. Very divergent results were found for the other three samples. When compared to Roche-NGS, Abbott-RT-PCR has performed excellently for the determination of patients infected with single GTs. For patients that are categorized as having a mixed infection using Abbott-RT-PCR, we recommend an NGS assay as a confirmation test.